Ophthalmology

​Ophthalmology is the medical-surgical specialty relating to the diagnosis and treatment of defects and diseases of the ocular system.

Along with Otorhinolaryngology and Dermatology, it constitutes one of the so-called first-generation specialties, and was historically the first to be academically accredited and socially accepted as a specialty.

The field exists as a specialty because of the unique anatomical and functional nature of the ocular system, and the need to divide up the work, but not in relation to a specific technique; it involves the application of medicine as a whole to the particular group of practical cases concerning defects and diseases of the ocular system.

Scope of Ophthalmology

Knowledge and activities in the field of Ophthalmology can be grouped by level of competence and exclusiveness:

Exclusive competence:

All the technical knowledge and activities that are required to diagnose, treat, and rehabilitate patients from diseases of the ocular system and that are used exclusively by ophthalmologists. This section should include the examination and correction of refractive defects in the eye

Shared competence:

Areas of basic science that need to be learnt in order to understand eye diseases or to be able to correctly apply diagnosis and treatment procedures, and that take on a clear degree of specialization when linked to the ocular system:

• a) Ocular physiology/neurophysiology
• b) Ocular anatomical pathology
• c) Ocular immunology/bacteriology
• d)Ocular pharmacology

Social aspects of medicine related to eye diseases:

• a) Ophthamologic epidemiology. The incidence and prevalance of eye diseaes. Biostatistics.
• b) Preventive ophthalmology. Blindness prevention.
• c) Basic management principles in Ophthalmology. Costing, resource optimization, use of performance and quality control.
  

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